{"id":3384,"date":"2015-11-12T21:54:19","date_gmt":"2015-11-12T21:54:19","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/anthroponaute.fr\/blog-informatique\/?p=3384"},"modified":"2016-02-04T07:24:30","modified_gmt":"2016-02-04T07:24:30","slug":"les-matrices","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.la-porte-des-nebuleuses.net\/blog-informatique\/?p=3384","title":{"rendered":"Les matrices"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><a href=\"https:\/\/anthropoya.cluster014.ovh.net\/blog-informatique\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/11\/matrice1.png\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-3395\" src=\"https:\/\/anthropoya.cluster014.ovh.net\/blog-informatique\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/11\/matrice1.png\" alt=\"matrice\" width=\"345\" height=\"190\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.la-porte-des-nebuleuses.net\/blog-informatique\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/11\/matrice1.png 345w, https:\/\/www.la-porte-des-nebuleuses.net\/blog-informatique\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/11\/matrice1-300x165.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 345px) 100vw, 345px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p><strong>Intro :<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Une matrice est un tableau de nombres ordonn\u00e9s en <strong>lignes<\/strong> et en <strong>colonnes<\/strong> entour\u00e9s par des parenth\u00e8ses ou des crochets permettant d&rsquo;effectuer des transformations g\u00e9om\u00e9triques dans un rep\u00e8re cart\u00e9sien (un espace). Ces transformations peuvent \u00eatre des <strong>agrandissements<\/strong>, des <strong>rotations <\/strong>ou des <strong>translations<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>En effet, elles sont utilis\u00e9es lors de l&rsquo;affichage du rendu 3D \u00e0 l&rsquo;\u00e9cran, de fa\u00e7on \u00e0 ce que<strong> l&rsquo;espace 3D<\/strong> du jeu soit transform\u00e9e dans<strong> l&rsquo;espace 2D<\/strong> de l&rsquo;\u00e9cran.<\/p>\n<p>Les matrices servent \u00e0 transformer un espace de <strong>d\u00e9part<\/strong> vers un espace d&rsquo;<strong>arriv\u00e9<\/strong>. Elles permettent de changer les coordonn\u00e9es d&rsquo;un point ou d&rsquo;un vecteur depuis un espace \u00e0 un autre.<\/p>\n<p>Voir aussi cet article traitant les transformations.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Pr\u00e9requis : <\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&#8211; Savoir faire des op\u00e9rations sur les<em> vecteurs<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; Savoir appliquer le <em>produit scalaire<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Explications : <\/strong><\/p>\n<p>On peut r\u00e9aliser sur les matrices des <strong>op\u00e9rations<\/strong> proches de celles que l&rsquo;on applique sur les nombres r\u00e9els comme l&rsquo;addition, la soustraction, la multiplication ou l&rsquo;inversion.<\/p>\n<p>Les nombres dans une matrice sont appel\u00e9s <strong>coefficients<\/strong>. On repr\u00e9sente un coefficient d&rsquo;une matrice par : <img src='https:\/\/s0.wp.com\/latex.php?latex=%5Ctextbf%7BM%7D_%7Bi%2C+j%7D+&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=000000&#038;s=2' alt='\\textbf{M}_{i, j} ' title='\\textbf{M}_{i, j} ' class='latex' \/>.<br \/>\nLe premier <strong>indice<\/strong> <strong>i<\/strong> correspond \u00e0 la ligne et le second <strong>indice<\/strong> <strong>j<\/strong> correspond \u00e0 la colonne.<\/p>\n<p>Une matrice avec <strong>M<\/strong> lignes et <strong>N<\/strong> colonnes est appel\u00e9e une matrice <em><strong>MxN<\/strong><\/em>.<\/p>\n<h4><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">Multiplication de deux matrices :<\/span><\/h4>\n<p>Il est n\u00e9cessaire pour multiplier deux matrices\u00a0<img src='https:\/\/s0.wp.com\/latex.php?latex=%5Ctextbf%7BA%7D+&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=000000&#038;s=2' alt='\\textbf{A} ' title='\\textbf{A} ' class='latex' \/> et\u00a0<img src='https:\/\/s0.wp.com\/latex.php?latex=%5Ctextbf%7BB%7D+&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=000000&#038;s=2' alt='\\textbf{B} ' title='\\textbf{B} ' class='latex' \/> que le nombre de colonnes de <img src='https:\/\/s0.wp.com\/latex.php?latex=%5Ctextbf%7BA%7D+&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=000000&#038;s=2' alt='\\textbf{A} ' title='\\textbf{A} ' class='latex' \/> vaut le nombre de lignes de <img src='https:\/\/s0.wp.com\/latex.php?latex=%5Ctextbf%7BB%7D+&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=000000&#038;s=2' alt='\\textbf{B} ' title='\\textbf{B} ' class='latex' \/>.<\/p>\n<p>Si\u00a0<img src='https:\/\/s0.wp.com\/latex.php?latex=%5Ctextbf%7BA%7D+&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=000000&#038;s=2' alt='\\textbf{A} ' title='\\textbf{A} ' class='latex' \/> est une matrice <em>MxN<\/em> et\u00a0<img src='https:\/\/s0.wp.com\/latex.php?latex=%5Ctextbf%7BB%7D+&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=000000&#038;s=2' alt='\\textbf{B} ' title='\\textbf{B} ' class='latex' \/> une matrice <em>NxP<\/em>, alors le produit\u00a0<img src='https:\/\/s0.wp.com\/latex.php?latex=%5Ctextbf%7BAB%7D+&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=000000&#038;s=2' alt='\\textbf{AB} ' title='\\textbf{AB} ' class='latex' \/> est possible et est une matrice\u00a0<img src='https:\/\/s0.wp.com\/latex.php?latex=%5Ctextbf%7BC%7D+&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=000000&#038;s=2' alt='\\textbf{C} ' title='\\textbf{C} ' class='latex' \/> de dimension <em>MxP<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p>Le coefficient <img src='https:\/\/s0.wp.com\/latex.php?latex=%5Ctextbf%7BC%7D_%7Bi%2C+j%7D+&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=000000&#038;s=2' alt='\\textbf{C}_{i, j} ' title='\\textbf{C}_{i, j} ' class='latex' \/> est donn\u00e9 en faisant le <strong>produit scalaire<\/strong> de la <img src='https:\/\/s0.wp.com\/latex.php?latex=%7Bi%7D_%7Beme%7D+&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=000000&#038;s=2' alt='{i}_{eme} ' title='{i}_{eme} ' class='latex' \/> ligne de <img src='https:\/\/s0.wp.com\/latex.php?latex=%5Ctextbf%7BA%7D+&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=000000&#038;s=2' alt='\\textbf{A} ' title='\\textbf{A} ' class='latex' \/> par la <img src='https:\/\/s0.wp.com\/latex.php?latex=%7Bj%7D_%7Beme%7D+&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=000000&#038;s=2' alt='{j}_{eme} ' title='{j}_{eme} ' class='latex' \/> colonne de <img src='https:\/\/s0.wp.com\/latex.php?latex=%5Ctextbf%7BB%7D+&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=000000&#038;s=2' alt='\\textbf{B} ' title='\\textbf{B} ' class='latex' \/>.<\/p>\n<p>Voici la formule : <img src='https:\/\/s0.wp.com\/latex.php?latex=%5Ctextbf%7BC%7D_%7Bi%2C+j%7D+%3D+%5Ctextbf%7BA%7D_%7Bi%2C+%2A%7D+%5Ccdot+%5Ctextbf%7BB%7D_%7B%2A%2C+j%7D+&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=000000&#038;s=2' alt='\\textbf{C}_{i, j} = \\textbf{A}_{i, *} \\cdot \\textbf{B}_{*, j} ' title='\\textbf{C}_{i, j} = \\textbf{A}_{i, *} \\cdot \\textbf{B}_{*, j} ' class='latex' \/>.<br \/>\nLe symbole de l&rsquo;\u00e9toile repr\u00e9sente tous les coefficients de la matrice.<\/p>\n<p>Rappel du produit scalaire :\u00a0 <img src='https:\/\/s0.wp.com\/latex.php?latex=%7Bv%7D%5Ccdot%7Bw%7D%3D%7Bv%7D_%7Bx%7D%7Bw%7D_%7Bx%7D%2B%7Bv%7D_%7By%7D%7Bw%7D_%7By%7D%2B%7Bv%7D_%7Bz%7D%7Bw%7D_%7Bz%7D&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=000000&#038;s=2' alt='{v}\\cdot{w}={v}_{x}{w}_{x}+{v}_{y}{w}_{y}+{v}_{z}{w}_{z}' title='{v}\\cdot{w}={v}_{x}{w}_{x}+{v}_{y}{w}_{y}+{v}_{z}{w}_{z}' class='latex' \/><\/p>\n<p>Voici un exemple :<\/p>\n<img src='https:\/\/s0.wp.com\/latex.php?latex=%5Cbegin%7Bbmatrix%7D+-1+%26+2+%26+2+%5C%5C+4+%26+6+%26+3+%5Cend%7Bbmatrix%7D+%5Cbegin%7Bbmatrix%7D+6+%26+7+%26+8+%5C%5C+2+%26+1+%26+1+%5C%5C+1+%26+4+%26+8+%5Cend%7Bbmatrix%7D+%3D+%5Cbegin%7Bbmatrix%7D+%28-1%2C+2%2C+2%29+%5Ccdot+%286%2C+2%2C+1%29+%26+%28-1%2C+2%2C+2%29+%5Ccdot+%287%2C+1%2C+4%29+%26+%28-1%2C+2%2C+2%29+%5Ccdot+%288%2C+1%2C+8%29+%5C%5C+%284%2C+6%2C+3%29+%5Ccdot+%286%2C+2%2C+1%29+%26+%284%2C+6%2C+3%29+%5Ccdot+%287%2C+1%2C+4%29+%26+%284%2C+6%2C+3%29+%5Ccdot+%288%2C+1%2C+8%29+%5Cend%7Bbmatrix%7D+%3D+%5Cnewline%5Cnewline%5Cbegin%7Bbmatrix%7D+%28-1+%5Ctimes+6%29+%2B+%282+%5Ctimes+2%29+%2B+%282+%5Ctimes+1%29+%26+%28-1+%5Ctimes+7%29+%2B+%282+%5Ctimes+1%29+%2B+%282+%5Ctimes+4%29+%26+%28-1+%5Ctimes+8%29+%2B+%282+%5Ctimes+1%29+%2B+%28-1+%5Ctimes+8%29+%5C%5C+%284+%5Ctimes+6%29+%2B+%286+%5Ctimes+2%29+%2B+%283+%5Ctimes+1%29+%26+%284+%5Ctimes+7%29+%2B+%286+%5Ctimes+1%29+%2B+%283+%5Ctimes+4%29+%26+%284+%5Ctimes+8%29+%2B+%286+%5Ctimes+1%29+%2B+%283+%5Ctimes+8%29+%5Cend%7Bbmatrix%7D+%3D+%5Cnewline%5Cnewline%5Cbegin%7Bbmatrix%7D+0+%26+3+%26+-14+%5C%5C+39+%26+46+%26+62+%5Cend%7Bbmatrix%7D+&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=000000&#038;s=2' alt='\\begin{bmatrix} -1 &amp; 2 &amp; 2 \\\\ 4 &amp; 6 &amp; 3 \\end{bmatrix} \\begin{bmatrix} 6 &amp; 7 &amp; 8 \\\\ 2 &amp; 1 &amp; 1 \\\\ 1 &amp; 4 &amp; 8 \\end{bmatrix} = \\begin{bmatrix} (-1, 2, 2) \\cdot (6, 2, 1) &amp; (-1, 2, 2) \\cdot (7, 1, 4) &amp; (-1, 2, 2) \\cdot (8, 1, 8) \\\\ (4, 6, 3) \\cdot (6, 2, 1) &amp; (4, 6, 3) \\cdot (7, 1, 4) &amp; (4, 6, 3) \\cdot (8, 1, 8) \\end{bmatrix} = \\newline\\newline\\begin{bmatrix} (-1 \\times 6) + (2 \\times 2) + (2 \\times 1) &amp; (-1 \\times 7) + (2 \\times 1) + (2 \\times 4) &amp; (-1 \\times 8) + (2 \\times 1) + (-1 \\times 8) \\\\ (4 \\times 6) + (6 \\times 2) + (3 \\times 1) &amp; (4 \\times 7) + (6 \\times 1) + (3 \\times 4) &amp; (4 \\times 8) + (6 \\times 1) + (3 \\times 8) \\end{bmatrix} = \\newline\\newline\\begin{bmatrix} 0 &amp; 3 &amp; -14 \\\\ 39 &amp; 46 &amp; 62 \\end{bmatrix} ' title='\\begin{bmatrix} -1 &amp; 2 &amp; 2 \\\\ 4 &amp; 6 &amp; 3 \\end{bmatrix} \\begin{bmatrix} 6 &amp; 7 &amp; 8 \\\\ 2 &amp; 1 &amp; 1 \\\\ 1 &amp; 4 &amp; 8 \\end{bmatrix} = \\begin{bmatrix} (-1, 2, 2) \\cdot (6, 2, 1) &amp; (-1, 2, 2) \\cdot (7, 1, 4) &amp; (-1, 2, 2) \\cdot (8, 1, 8) \\\\ (4, 6, 3) \\cdot (6, 2, 1) &amp; (4, 6, 3) \\cdot (7, 1, 4) &amp; (4, 6, 3) \\cdot (8, 1, 8) \\end{bmatrix} = \\newline\\newline\\begin{bmatrix} (-1 \\times 6) + (2 \\times 2) + (2 \\times 1) &amp; (-1 \\times 7) + (2 \\times 1) + (2 \\times 4) &amp; (-1 \\times 8) + (2 \\times 1) + (-1 \\times 8) \\\\ (4 \\times 6) + (6 \\times 2) + (3 \\times 1) &amp; (4 \\times 7) + (6 \\times 1) + (3 \\times 4) &amp; (4 \\times 8) + (6 \\times 1) + (3 \\times 8) \\end{bmatrix} = \\newline\\newline\\begin{bmatrix} 0 &amp; 3 &amp; -14 \\\\ 39 &amp; 46 &amp; 62 \\end{bmatrix} ' class='latex' \/>\n<h4><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><br \/>\nMatrice carr\u00e9e :<\/span><\/h4>\n<p>C&rsquo;est une matrice ayant le <strong>m\u00eame<\/strong> nombres de colonnes et de lignes.<\/p>\n<p>Voici une matrice carr\u00e9e :<\/p>\n<img src='https:\/\/s0.wp.com\/latex.php?latex=%5Cbegin%7Bpmatrix%7D+2+%26+3+%5C%5C+4+%26+5+%5Cend%7Bpmatrix%7D+&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=000000&#038;s=2' alt='\\begin{pmatrix} 2 &amp; 3 \\\\ 4 &amp; 5 \\end{pmatrix} ' title='\\begin{pmatrix} 2 &amp; 3 \\\\ 4 &amp; 5 \\end{pmatrix} ' class='latex' \/>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h4><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">Ordre d&rsquo;une matrice :<\/span><\/h4>\n<p>L&rsquo;ordre d&rsquo;une matrice est l&rsquo;autre d\u00e9nomination de la taille d&rsquo;une matrice. Une matrice \u00e0 <strong>M<\/strong> lignes et <strong>N<\/strong> colonnes est dites d&rsquo;ordre <em>MxN<\/em>.<\/p>\n<h4><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">Matrice identit\u00e9 :<\/span><\/h4>\n<p>C&rsquo;est une matrice carr\u00e9e dont tout les coefficients en <strong>diagonale<\/strong> valent 1 ; tandis que les autres valent 0.<\/p>\n<p>Si nous multiplions un vecteur par une matrice identit\u00e9, le vecteur ne sera absolument <strong>pas chang\u00e9<\/strong> ; de m\u00eame pour une matrice.<\/p>\n<p>Voici une matrice identit\u00e9 d\u2019ordre 3 :<\/p>\n<img src='https:\/\/s0.wp.com\/latex.php?latex=%5Cbegin%7Bpmatrix%7D+1+%26+0+%26+0+%5C%5C+0+%26+1+%26+0+%5C%5C+0+%26+0+%26+1+%5Cend%7Bpmatrix%7D+&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=000000&#038;s=2' alt='\\begin{pmatrix} 1 &amp; 0 &amp; 0 \\\\ 0 &amp; 1 &amp; 0 \\\\ 0 &amp; 0 &amp; 1 \\end{pmatrix} ' title='\\begin{pmatrix} 1 &amp; 0 &amp; 0 \\\\ 0 &amp; 1 &amp; 0 \\\\ 0 &amp; 0 &amp; 1 \\end{pmatrix} ' class='latex' \/>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h4><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">Multiplication d&rsquo;un vecteur par une matrice :<\/span><\/h4>\n<p>On proc\u00e8de comme la multiplication de deux matrices. Sauf que le vecteur est consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme une matrice <em>1xN<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p>La multiplication est possible que si le <strong>nombre de colonnes<\/strong> de la matrice est \u00e9gal au <strong>nombre de coordonn\u00e9es<\/strong> du vecteur. On fait l&rsquo;op\u00e9ration de cet ordre : <img src='https:\/\/s0.wp.com\/latex.php?latex=%5Ctextbf%7Bv%7D%5Ctextbf%7BM%7D+&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=000000&#038;s=2' alt='\\textbf{v}\\textbf{M} ' title='\\textbf{v}\\textbf{M} ' class='latex' \/> ; d&rsquo;abord le vecteur <img src='https:\/\/s0.wp.com\/latex.php?latex=%5Ctextbf%7Bv%7D+&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=000000&#038;s=2' alt='\\textbf{v} ' title='\\textbf{v} ' class='latex' \/> \u00e0 l&rsquo;op\u00e9rande gauche ensuite la matrice <img src='https:\/\/s0.wp.com\/latex.php?latex=%5Ctextbf%7BM%7D+&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=000000&#038;s=2' alt='\\textbf{M} ' title='\\textbf{M} ' class='latex' \/> \u00e0 l&rsquo;op\u00e9rande droite.<\/p>\n<p>La multiplication de matrices n&rsquo;est <strong>pas commutative<\/strong>, c&rsquo;est-\u00e0-dire que M1 x M2 ne sera pas forc\u00e9ment \u00e9gal \u00e0 M2 x M1.<\/p>\n<h4><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">Transpos\u00e9e d&rsquo;une matrice :<\/span><\/h4>\n<p>La transpos\u00e9e d&rsquo;une matrice <img src='https:\/\/s0.wp.com\/latex.php?latex=%5Ctextbf%7BM%7D+&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=000000&#038;s=2' alt='\\textbf{M} ' title='\\textbf{M} ' class='latex' \/>, not\u00e9e <img src='https:\/\/s0.wp.com\/latex.php?latex=%5Ctextbf%7BM%7D%5E%7BT%7D+&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=000000&#038;s=2' alt='\\textbf{M}^{T} ' title='\\textbf{M}^{T} ' class='latex' \/>, est la matrice g\u00e9n\u00e9r\u00e9e par l&rsquo;<strong>inversion<\/strong> des \u00e9l\u00e9ments de la matrice d&rsquo;origine par rapport \u00e0 la diagonale.<\/p>\n<p>Une matrice <em>MxN<\/em> devient une matrice <em>NxM<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p>Exemple :<\/p>\n<p><img src='https:\/\/s0.wp.com\/latex.php?latex=%5Ctextbf%7BA%7D+%3D+%5Cbegin%7Bpmatrix%7D+2+%26+3+%26+1+%5C%5C+5+%26+8+%26+4+%5Cend%7Bpmatrix%7D+&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=000000&#038;s=2' alt='\\textbf{A} = \\begin{pmatrix} 2 &amp; 3 &amp; 1 \\\\ 5 &amp; 8 &amp; 4 \\end{pmatrix} ' title='\\textbf{A} = \\begin{pmatrix} 2 &amp; 3 &amp; 1 \\\\ 5 &amp; 8 &amp; 4 \\end{pmatrix} ' class='latex' \/>\u00a0\u00a0 donne <img src='https:\/\/s0.wp.com\/latex.php?latex=%5Ctextbf%7BA%7D%5ET+%3D+%5Cbegin%7Bpmatrix%7D+2+%26+5+%5C%5C+3+%26+8+%5C%5C+1+%26+4+%5Cend%7Bpmatrix%7D+&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=000000&#038;s=2' alt='\\textbf{A}^T = \\begin{pmatrix} 2 &amp; 5 \\\\ 3 &amp; 8 \\\\ 1 &amp; 4 \\end{pmatrix} ' title='\\textbf{A}^T = \\begin{pmatrix} 2 &amp; 5 \\\\ 3 &amp; 8 \\\\ 1 &amp; 4 \\end{pmatrix} ' class='latex' \/><\/p>\n<p>Propri\u00e9t\u00e9s remarquables :<\/p>\n<img src='https:\/\/s0.wp.com\/latex.php?latex=%5Ctextbf%7B%28A+%2B+B%29%7D%5ET+%3D+%5Ctextbf%7BA%7D%5ET+%2B+%5Ctextbf%7BB%7D%5ET&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=000000&#038;s=2' alt='\\textbf{(A + B)}^T = \\textbf{A}^T + \\textbf{B}^T' title='\\textbf{(A + B)}^T = \\textbf{A}^T + \\textbf{B}^T' class='latex' \/>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<img src='https:\/\/s0.wp.com\/latex.php?latex=%28c%5Ctextbf%7BA%7D%29%5ET%3Dc%7B%5Ctextbf%7BA%7D%7D%5ET+&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=000000&#038;s=2' alt='(c\\textbf{A})^T=c{\\textbf{A}}^T ' title='(c\\textbf{A})^T=c{\\textbf{A}}^T ' class='latex' \/>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<img src='https:\/\/s0.wp.com\/latex.php?latex=%28%5Ctextbf%7BAB%7D%29%5ET%3D%5Ctextbf%7BB%7D%5ET%5Ctextbf%7BA%7D%5ET&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=000000&#038;s=2' alt='(\\textbf{AB})^T=\\textbf{B}^T\\textbf{A}^T' title='(\\textbf{AB})^T=\\textbf{B}^T\\textbf{A}^T' class='latex' \/>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<img src='https:\/\/s0.wp.com\/latex.php?latex=%28%5Ctextbf%7BA%7D%5ET%29%5ET%3D%5Ctextbf%7BA%7D&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=000000&#038;s=2' alt='(\\textbf{A}^T)^T=\\textbf{A}' title='(\\textbf{A}^T)^T=\\textbf{A}' class='latex' \/>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<img src='https:\/\/s0.wp.com\/latex.php?latex=%28%5Ctextbf%7BA%7D%5E%7B-1%7D%29%5ET%3D%28%5Ctextbf%7BA%7D%5ET%29%5E%7B-1%7D&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=000000&#038;s=2' alt='(\\textbf{A}^{-1})^T=(\\textbf{A}^T)^{-1}' title='(\\textbf{A}^{-1})^T=(\\textbf{A}^T)^{-1}' class='latex' \/>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h4><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">Ajouter deux matrices :<br \/>\n<\/span><\/h4>\n<p>On ajoute deux matrices de <strong>m\u00eame dimension<\/strong> en ajoutant <strong>un \u00e0 un<\/strong> leur coefficient correspondant.<\/p>\n<h4><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">Soustraire deux matrices :<\/span><\/h4>\n<p>On proc\u00e8de comme suit : <img src='https:\/\/s0.wp.com\/latex.php?latex=%5Ctextbf%7BA%7D+-+%5Ctextbf%7BB%7D+%3D+%5Ctextbf%7BA%7D+%2B+%28-1+%5Ccdot+%5Ctextbf%7BB%7D%29+%3D+%5Ctextbf%7BA%7D+%2B+%28-%5Ctextbf%7BB%7D%29+&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=000000&#038;s=2' alt='\\textbf{A} - \\textbf{B} = \\textbf{A} + (-1 \\cdot \\textbf{B}) = \\textbf{A} + (-\\textbf{B}) ' title='\\textbf{A} - \\textbf{B} = \\textbf{A} + (-1 \\cdot \\textbf{B}) = \\textbf{A} + (-\\textbf{B}) ' class='latex' \/><\/p>\n<h4><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">Multiplier une matrice par un r\u00e9el : <\/span><\/h4>\n<p>On multiplie le r\u00e9el par <strong>tous<\/strong> les coefficients de la matrice.<\/p>\n<h4><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">Inverse d&rsquo;une matrice : <\/span><\/h4>\n<p>Seul les matrices carr\u00e9es sont inversibles.<\/p>\n<p>Not\u00e9 <img src='https:\/\/s0.wp.com\/latex.php?latex=%5Ctextbf%7BM%7D%5E%7B-1%7D+&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=000000&#038;s=2' alt='\\textbf{M}^{-1} ' title='\\textbf{M}^{-1} ' class='latex' \/>, la matrice inverse v\u00e9rifie cette expression : <img src='https:\/\/s0.wp.com\/latex.php?latex=%5Ctextbf%7BMM%7D%5E%7B-1%7D+%3D+%5Ctextbf%7BM%7D%5E%7B-1%7D+%5Ctextbf%7BM%7D+%3D+%5Ctextbf%7BI%7D+&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=000000&#038;s=2' alt='\\textbf{MM}^{-1} = \\textbf{M}^{-1} \\textbf{M} = \\textbf{I} ' title='\\textbf{MM}^{-1} = \\textbf{M}^{-1} \\textbf{M} = \\textbf{I} ' class='latex' \/>.<br \/>\n<img src='https:\/\/s0.wp.com\/latex.php?latex=%5Ctextbf%7BI%7D+&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=000000&#038;s=2' alt='\\textbf{I} ' title='\\textbf{I} ' class='latex' \/> \u00e9tant la matrice identit\u00e9.<\/p>\n<p>Une matrice est inversible si et seulement si son <strong>d\u00e9terminant<\/strong> n&rsquo;est <strong>pas nul<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>L&rsquo;inverse d&rsquo;une matrice permet de retrouver l&rsquo;espace pr\u00e9c\u00e9dent suite \u00e0 une transformation de rep\u00e8re.<\/p>\n<p>Voici un sch\u00e9ma r\u00e9sumant ce principe :<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/anthropoya.cluster014.ovh.net\/blog-informatique\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/11\/img008.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone  wp-image-3809\" src=\"https:\/\/anthropoya.cluster014.ovh.net\/blog-informatique\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/11\/img008.jpg\" alt=\"img008\" width=\"422\" height=\"335\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.la-porte-des-nebuleuses.net\/blog-informatique\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/11\/img008.jpg 1775w, https:\/\/www.la-porte-des-nebuleuses.net\/blog-informatique\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/11\/img008-300x238.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.la-porte-des-nebuleuses.net\/blog-informatique\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/11\/img008-1024x813.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.la-porte-des-nebuleuses.net\/blog-informatique\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/11\/img008-624x495.jpg 624w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 422px) 100vw, 422px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<h4><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">D\u00e9terminant d&rsquo;une matrice :<\/span><\/h4>\n<h4><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">Associativit\u00e9 :<\/span><\/h4>\n<img src='https:\/\/s0.wp.com\/latex.php?latex=%5Ctextbf%7BA%7D%28%5Ctextbf%7BB+%7D+%7B%2B%7D+%5Ctextbf%7B+C%7D%29+%3D+%5Ctextbf%7BAB%7D+%2B+%5Ctextbf%7BAC%7D+&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=000000&#038;s=2' alt='\\textbf{A}(\\textbf{B } {+} \\textbf{ C}) = \\textbf{AB} + \\textbf{AC} ' title='\\textbf{A}(\\textbf{B } {+} \\textbf{ C}) = \\textbf{AB} + \\textbf{AC} ' class='latex' \/>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<img src='https:\/\/s0.wp.com\/latex.php?latex=%28%5Ctextbf%7BAB%7D%29%5Ctextbf%7BC%7D+%3D+%5Ctextbf%7BA%7D%28%5Ctextbf%7BBC%7D%29+&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=000000&#038;s=2' alt='(\\textbf{AB})\\textbf{C} = \\textbf{A}(\\textbf{BC}) ' title='(\\textbf{AB})\\textbf{C} = \\textbf{A}(\\textbf{BC}) ' class='latex' \/>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>R\u00e9sum\u00e9 :<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Nous avons vu les op\u00e9rations courantes concernant l&rsquo;alg\u00e8bre matricielle.<\/p>\n<p>L&rsquo;utilisation des matrices (afin d&rsquo;effectuer des transformations) est fondamentale dans le rendu 3D de jeu vid\u00e9o.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Intro : Une matrice est un tableau de nombres ordonn\u00e9s en lignes et en colonnes entour\u00e9s par des parenth\u00e8ses ou des crochets permettant d&rsquo;effectuer des transformations g\u00e9om\u00e9triques dans un rep\u00e8re cart\u00e9sien (un espace). Ces transformations peuvent \u00eatre des agrandissements, des rotations ou des translations. En effet, elles sont utilis\u00e9es lors de l&rsquo;affichage du rendu 3D [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[6],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.la-porte-des-nebuleuses.net\/blog-informatique\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3384"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.la-porte-des-nebuleuses.net\/blog-informatique\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.la-porte-des-nebuleuses.net\/blog-informatique\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.la-porte-des-nebuleuses.net\/blog-informatique\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.la-porte-des-nebuleuses.net\/blog-informatique\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=3384"}],"version-history":[{"count":118,"href":"https:\/\/www.la-porte-des-nebuleuses.net\/blog-informatique\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3384\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5976,"href":"https:\/\/www.la-porte-des-nebuleuses.net\/blog-informatique\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3384\/revisions\/5976"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.la-porte-des-nebuleuses.net\/blog-informatique\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=3384"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.la-porte-des-nebuleuses.net\/blog-informatique\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=3384"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.la-porte-des-nebuleuses.net\/blog-informatique\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=3384"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}